‘Language becomes concise, expressive and tied to digital culture’
PETALING JAYA: From “sus” to “main character energy,” Gen Z slang is reshaping the way young Malaysians communicate online, leaving older generations scratching their heads but also offering a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of language in the digital age.
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Centre for Modern Languages and Communication head Siti Zanariah Yusoff said Gen Z’s distinctive mode of communication is transforming social interactions and language itself.
“Understanding Gen Z slang begins with recognising that this is the first fully digital-native generation.
“Social media and online interactions shape how they communicate, creating language that evolves rapidly and informally.”
Research shows Gen Z spend an average of nine hours and four minutes a day online. Young women tend to spend slightly more on social media at about three hours and 11 minutes daily, compared with two hours and 40 minutes for men.
Platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, X and gaming communities have become fertile grounds for new words and expressions which spread at lightning speed.
Meme culture and online humour play a central role. Phrases such as “it’s giving” or “main character energy” allow users to convey complex emotions instantly.
Slang also signals belonging within peer groups and online communities, helping Gen Z maintain social relevance in fast-moving digital spaces.
“Their language becomes concise, expressive and closely tied to digital culture,” Siti Zanariah said, adding that unlike older generations which favour formal sentences, Gen Z communicate in a fluid, playful style.
“Their messages are full of slang, memes and emojis, allowing them to convey humour, emotion and judgement instantly.”
Words such as “cap/no cap” (lie/truth) or “simp” (overly attentive to someone) allow users to comment quickly and relatably on behaviours, trends or relationships.
“This style creates a strong sense of belonging within online communities.”
Trends and slang emerge and fade rapidly, often reflecting pop culture and sensational moments.
Peer-driven communication has reshaped online interactions, making them faster, more expressive and visually engaging.
Terms such as “drip” (style) or “sus” dominate conversations for a season before fading. However, some words could become permanent, particularly if they fill gaps in everyday language or gain mainstream attention.
Words such as “cool”, “selfie” and “ghosting” began as youth slang but are now widely used across generations.
Users adapt, remix and share expressions which reach millions on social media through hashtags, duets and algorithm-driven content.
“Gen Z slang is no longer just local; it moves across borders and connects young individuals worldwide.”
While it could sometimes create barriers with older generations, it also enriches communication.
“Young people are aware of their audience and often avoid slang with adults, reducing misunderstandings.”
At the same time, slang introduces creative ways to express ideas, emotions and humour, giving language a playful edge without replacing traditional vocabulary.
Words such as “lit” or “lowkey/highkey” capture nuance quickly and innovatively, adding vibrancy to conversations.
Siti Zanariah encouraged everyone to embrace language evolution.
“Gen Z slang shows that language is alive, playful and constantly changing. Sometimes, asking ‘what does that mean?’ could lead to laughter and connection.”
She added that slang reminds us communication is not just about words, it is about creativity, community and keeping conversations lively. It reflects culture, shared experience and the joy of connecting with others.
