Malaysia’s proposed under-16 social media limits spark concern as experts warn that safeguarding youths must not compromise freedom of expression or digital participation.
PETALING JAYA: Universiti Teknologi Mara communication experts have cautioned that Malaysia’s proposed restriction on social media access for users aged under 16 must not unintentionally curtail the freedom of expression of young people.
Its Head of Strategic Communication Centre for Communications and Media Faculty Dr Wan Norbani Wan Noordin said it is important to understand that digital spaces play a central role in how today’s youths learn, communicate and participate in society.
“In terms of freedom of expression and civic participation, Gen Z has shown greater involvement in environmental preservation campaigns than previous generations, which is highly evident today.
“Setting a minimum age limit of 16 would not curtail freedom of expression but rather facilitate more mature and meaningful engagement, provided the right systems and trained personnel are in place.”
She said any regulation must be supported by clear governance structures and coordinated stakeholder involvement.
“Any new policy must be supported by the right systems and stakeholder groups, such as parents, teachers, ministries, telcos and counsellors. This move is necessary and long overdue, but it must be properly structured for continuity and sustainability.”
However, she warned that enforcement without adequate education could cause resistance among teens who have been active online from a young age.
“There would be psychological and emotional effects on those who have been online since they were 12 or 13 years old. Government agencies must be prepared with the systems and personnel to manage these challenges,” she said.
Universiti Teknologi Mara communication and media policy expert Assoc Prof Dr Tengku Elena Tengku Mahamad said international experience from the United Kingdom and Singapore shows that age restrictions could help reduce exposure to harmful content, but they are not effective on their own.
“Restrictions could help reduce harm, but they must not silence young voices. In the United Kingdom and Singapore, age limits only work when combined with strong digital literacy programmes and platform safeguards.
“What tends not to work are systems that young users can get around through VPNs, shared devices or borrowed accounts. These measures shift youths elsewhere, often into more private or unregulated spaces.”
She said Malaysia must consider how restrictions would affect youth identity-building and digital participation.
“For many young people, digital spaces are where they form identity, creativity and support networks. Policies that are too restrictive risk pushing them away rather than keeping them safer.
“The key is balance. Protecting minors is essential, but it should be paired with age-appropriate access, strong privacy safeguards and comprehensive digital literacy initiatives.
“Involving youth voices in policymaking could also ensure regulations are realistic and respectful of their rights.”
